What I've seen has to do with pressure. High winds tend to create low pressure in you attic area which acts like a vacuum inside your house. Older leaky houses have bigger effect. Low press in upper level of home wants to balance which tends to make lower levels even lower press still. Easiest press balance is through flue, big hole and higher press outside than inside. Anymore I just light a match , stick it at the stove door, see which way flame goes. If it comes into home try open a window on prevailing wind side of home, pressurize the home.
x2, though most my experience is with a non air tight stove, high winds in that just burned it hotter and faster despite turning down intakes. We now have an NC13, and sustained high winds still do the same thing, suck the heat out the flue too fast and furious.
Sometimes during Nor' easters when the wind is 40 mph ish, I get down drafts, where for a few seconds the wind just forcefully blows right down the chimney forcing smoke into the house. In My case it is from the wind direction slamming into the long sloping roof where the chimney is. By the way, what SWMBO??
Had similar problem at my old house in suburbia. Neighbors house to my northwest was only 15 feet away and was taller than I could make my chimney. Sometimes even with a blazing lava hot fire in my Lopi I would get horrible downdrafts. Tried everything, extended chimney,various caps nothing worked all the time. Ran across this cap which FIXED MY problem. New house does not need it & I have been meaning to sell it here if I can donate the proceeds to FHC. Handmade. Solid Copper. Stainless frame. Top rotates on a bushing. Very rugged. Farmers will recognize the design. Bottom section . I like & left the patina but it will shine up like a new penny .
Been burning a long time, never saw the wind blow the fire out. I have had it push smoke back in house, but not blow one out like I said, very strange. ....
